Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 414 (2015)

Bottlenecks in HIV-1 transmission: insights from the study of founder viruses

Sarah B. Joseph, Ronald Swanstrom, Angela D. M. Kashuba, Myron S. Cohen.
HIV-1 infection typically results from the transmission of a single viral variant, the transmitted/founder (T/F) virus. Studies of these HIV-1 variants provide critical information about the transmission bottlenecks and the selective pressures acting on the virus in the transmission fluid and in the recipient tissues.